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BAGHDAD, Iraq (CNN) - An American resident was seized alongside the three Romanian writers kidnapped Monday in Iraq, the U.S. State Department said Wednesday. Refering to security laws, a State Department representative in Washington said she was unable to discharge more data, yet required the "immediate and safe recuperation of all prisoners in Iraq." The Romanians and a unidentified man showed up in a video that disclosed on the Arabic-language organize Al-Jazeera Wednesday. It has not been affirmed whether the unidentified man is the American prisoner. The four were indicated sitting on a story as two men - their appearances secured by conventional headscarves - remained aside, pointing weapons at them. The three Romanians - Marie Jeanne Ion, Sorin Dumitru Miscoci, and Eduard Ovidiu Ohanesian - work for Prima TV. They were kidnapped Monday night. (Full story) Prima TV affirmed the three were in the prisoner video. It didn't have a clue who the fourth individual was. The prisoners seemed quiet in the video. At a certain point, Ion investigated the camera and said in English, "We have been kidnapped." She at that point said there had been reports their prisoner takers "asked for something in return for our opportunity. This isn't true." In Romania, the Foreign Ministry and the fundamental insight administration have set up a group to examine the kidnapping, and President Traian Basescu has communicated concern. Particle's sister argued for her sheltered return. "I entreat you to do all that you can to bring my sister back home," Ana Maria Ion said in a meeting on Romanian TV. "She has no blame. Our family is sitting tight for Marie Jeanne to be here, likewise all the others." The three were last gotten notification from by the station around 7:45 p.m. Monday during a phone discussion that was communicated while they were clearly being snatched, an official said. A mobile phone instant message additionally was sent that stated: "Please call the international safe haven urgently," a reference to Romania's Baghdad government office. The Romanian diplomat to Iraq has gathered the belongings of the group, which had been in Iraq for three days and had been wanting to remain for just five days, a Western source said. Seven regular folks bite the dust in assaults Radicals focusing on U.S. powers killed seven regular folks Wednesday, police stated, during assaults in the northern city of Mosul and the Iraqi capital. A lady and kid were among six murdered in Mosul when guerillas terminated on a U.S. military watch in the northeastern piece of the city, police said.

Blue Agave and Its Importance in the Tequila Industry :: Botany

Blue Agave and Its Importance in the Tequila Industry Tequila, North America's originally refined soul and first creation liquor, is referred to most North Americans as a red hot drink devoured during week long excursions in Mexico or by intoxicated undergrads. Huge over-commercialization and deception concerning the item darkens the monetary significance of the Blue (Agave tequilana Weber) the tequila-production industry, and their place in Mexican history. There are 136 known types of agave, yet just one is utilized to create tequila (2,p.4). During their investigation of the New World in the late 1400's and mid 1500's, Spanish conquistadors found an aged drink considered pulque that was created by the Nahuatl. The Nahuatl are the first occupants of the territory of western Mexico who principally utilized pulque in strict functions and for therapeutic purposes in their way of life. The essential fixing in the aging procedure of pulque was the agave. As the early Spaniards came up short on cognac, they looked for a wellspring of fermentable sugar for refining. They explored different avenues regarding the agave, which was inexhaustible in the volcanic soils in the Sierra Madre area encompassing Guadalajara. The species that created the most full-bodied taste was the Agave tequilana Weber, the blue agave or agave azul (1, p.1). In 1600, the primary tequila manufacturing plant was set up by the father of tequila, Don Pedro Sanches de Tagle, Marquis of Altamira. Wear Pedro additionally was the first to start development of the blue agave for refining (2, p.2) and in 1636, Governor Don Juan Canseco y Quiã ±ones approved the refining and assembling of mescal, so as to encourage charge assortment on creation. Be that as it may, Spanish standard stifled tequila creation and in 1785, the creation of all local refined spirits was prohibited. In 1792, the boycott was lifted however tequila creation didn't thrive again until Mexican freedom in 1821. In the right on time to mid 1800's, numerous tequila distillers started huge scope creation. A few organizations in the end flopped yet two of the biggest are still in business today. The principal authorized producer was Jose Antonio Cuervo who started development in 1758. His Casa Cuervo demonstrated entirely productive. By the mid-1800's, his families fields had in ex cess of 3 million agave plants. Cuervo was additionally the principal distiller to place tequila into bottles. Today Cuervo is the biggest producer of tequila, with a gigantic fare showcase. In 1873, another significant distiller, Don Cenobio Sauza, obtained La Antigua, an organization established in the mid 1820's.

5+ Useful Websites To Create Events On Twitter

5+ Useful Websites To Create Events On Twitter Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5+ Useful Websites To Create Events On TwitterUpdated On 08/06/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : TwitterShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozeyeE CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogOnline Events are getting more popular than offline events, and we have to make use of these opportunities to attend/create events.Twitter Events or Tweetups, are really useful for networking, meeting like-minded local people and also for promoting your business/brand. Below I mentioned 5+ Useful websites for creating events on Twitter.#1 twtviteTwtvite is an useful website to create and find Tweetups in your town. Twtvite uses google maps image so users can see where the event is exactly without having to look it up. They cab also search for other twitter events in their area by entering in a geographic location into the search bar.#2 TweetviteTweetvite lets you easily create and find Tweetups in your area. You can customize the look and feel of the invitation, track tweets re-tweets, and list your event for others to find.#3 CalTweetCalTweet is another useful website to promote your events on Twitter, Facebook, Myspace, Email other social media sites. Share plans with your Friends. Print Guestlist Have RSVPs Emailed Directly to your inbox.#4 TwitzuIn Twitzu you can also use BBCode to embedd weblinks or images in description. Here, in Twitzu, you need to enter your Twitter login details to post the listing to your tweets, though the details wont be tracked or stored.READ10 Best Google Chrome Extensions For Web Designers#5 VeviteUsing VeVite you can easily create a custom event and invite twitter friends. Vevite also has Event map for tracking the location and area easily.#6 TweetBriteTweetBrite, with the tagline make your event tweet! is a new website for creating and managing events. It is a free twitter + EventBrite MashUp. Beta Testing is open right now.#7 Tweetbe atTweetbeat is a real-time source for what people are saying about any major event. Get the most interesting tweets about any major event, in real-time. Keep up with live sports, headline news, the hottest TV shows, conferences and much more.You can also help me to extend this list. If you know any other useful website for creating events on Twitter, kindly share them below. Cheers.

An Analysis of Toyotas Strategic Procurement and Supply...

Purchasing Materials Management | | Strategic Procurement Supply Chain Management | Introduction The topic selected is (Strategic Procurement Supply Chain Management). For this study, we have selected Toyota Motor Corporations as our company of choice. Toyota is without doubt the best in the world, with its many philosophies and principles on how to make the best out of the least; JIT, lean production and elimination of waste and the desire for continuous improvement are just a few ways how Toyota has become the best in the auto industry. Toyota as a name, a company, and as a brand has become synonymous with Quality. At the heart of its success, lie family values that have been passed down; a norm that has become the†¦show more content†¦Across the world, Toyota participates enthusiastically in community activities ranging from the sponsorship of educational and cultural programmes to international exchange and research. Toyota has the fastest product development process in the world. New cars and trucks take 12 months or less to design, while competitors typicall y require two to three years. Toyota is benchmarked as the best in class by all of its peers and competitors throughout the world for high quality, high productivity, manufacturing speed, and flexibility. Toyota automobiles have consistently been at the top of quality rankings. Strategic Analysis To better understand a firm and its placement of its strategies, we must conduct an analysis of factors that might affect its selection of strategies. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Toyota Motor Corporation is the world’s largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales. * Toyota is best known for environmentally safe, quality, reliability, durability and value for money. * Toyota’s Camry and Corolla have been the top-selling cars in their respected categories; in the past eight out of nine years. Also, Toyota produces the globe’s best selling hybrid car, the Prius – which by 2010 had surpassed two million sales worldwide. * Strong distribution and marketing efforts focused on meeting diverse needs,Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Toyotas Strategic Procurement and Supply Chain Management4917 Words   |  20 PagesPurchasing Materials Management | | Strategic Procurement Supply Chain Management | Introduction The topic selected is (Strategic Procurement Supply Chain Management). For this study, we have selected Toyota Motor Corporations as our company of choice. Toyota is without doubt the best in the world, with its many philosophies and principles on how to make the best out of the least; JIT, lean production and elimination of waste and the desire for continuous improvement are just a few waysRead MoreKey Supplier Selection Criteria For Suppliers1501 Words   |  7 Pagesa tool to develop suppliers’ capabilities, to enhance their ongoing relationship (Abdullah Maharjan 2003, p.78). The TPS requires stringent supplier selection criteria to maintain its effectiveness and in addition suppliers need to adopt Toyota’s management philosophies. Specifically, these include positive employee relations, focus on market direction, embrace continuous improvement (Kaizen) and Toyota-supplier collaborative partnerships (Toyota Motor Corporation 2012, p.5). In addition, importantRead More Comparison of Supply Chain Management Practices Essay5015 Words   |  21 PagesThis report provides a comparison of the supply chain management practices of Wal-Mart and Toyota. Comparison was done after researching, examining, and analysing each company’s supply chain management practices, in relation to each company’s values and philosophy. Comparison was done in five sections, by examining strategic alliances, procurement and outsourcing, challenges and risks, sustainable strategies, and efficient supply chains in relation to technology. Additional figures and refe rencesRead MoreValue Chain Analysis By Michael Porter Essay2186 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is a Value Chain? A value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market. The concept comes from business management and was first described and popularized by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage Value chain analysis is a strategic analytical and decision-support tool that highlights the bases where businesses can create value for their customers. The frameworkRead MoreLogistics Of Ford Vs Toyota3500 Words   |  14 Pagesoverall supply chain model The ford motor company uses the six sigma stream line operation model that its supply chain is based on. This model was design by Penske on several initiatives. The aim is to create a more centralised logistics network, this was to cut down on carrier discrepancies, premium costs and reducing shipment overages as well as give accountability procedures to all suppliers and customers. Also reorganising their labour force giving the entire company a new flexible supply chainRead MoreWhat Is Linkage Between Upstream Supply Chains? Essay2024 Words   |  9 Pagesimprove the flexibility. To achieve this objective, the companies have to ensure each component in their supply chain must be designed with respect of flexibility (Borhanazad and Tran, 2012). Relevant theories reveal the linkage between upstream supply chains must be well-maintained through the sourcing strategy. The sourcing strategy is determined as new evolution in supply chain management in comparison with traditional sourcing method. Previously, the companies made sourcing decisions throughRead MoreHow We Define Value Creation1521 Words   |  7 PagesQuestions on Chapter 3 1. How we define value creation and how that is related to competitive advantage? A) Value Creation is a process of creating value to a firm’s product and or service. A firm usually follows a chain of steps (value chain) to create value to its product or service in the market. A company’s competitive advantage and its sustainability is directly proportional to the value it creates for its products among the customers. Value creation can be achieved by the following featuresRead MoreManagement and Study Unit41775 Words   |  168 PagesBUSINESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 2 PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT PPSM026 i  © 2011 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria Author: Ms Irma Fourie PPSM026/1/2011-2013 ii PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PPSM026) CONTENTS TOPIC 1: THE PURCHASING FUNCTION: AN OVERVIEW The purchasing function in perspective The task of purchasing and supply managementRead MoreManagement and Study Unit41787 Words   |  168 PagesBUSINESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE 2 PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT PPSM026 i  © 2011 University of South Africa All rights reserved Printed and published by the University of South Africa Muckleneuk, Pretoria Author: Ms Irma Fourie PPSM026/1/2011-2013 ii PURCHASING AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PPSM026) CONTENTS TOPIC 1: THE PURCHASING FUNCTION: AN OVERVIEW The purchasing function in perspective The task of purchasing and supply management PurchasingRead MoreUsing Value-Chain Analysis to Discover Customers Strategic Needs4793 Words   |  20 PagesUsing value-chain analysis to discover customers’ strategic needs David W. Crain and Stan Abraham David Crain, a marketing and strategy consultant, is visiting professor of marketing at Whittier College, CA, and former Director of Marketing at Fluor Corporation (davidwcrain@aol.com). Stan Abraham is professor of strategy and entrepreneurship at Cal Poly Pomona (scabraham@ csupomona.edu) and author of Strategic Planning: A Practical Guide for Competitive Success (Thomson South-Western, 2006).

Voting Age in Canada Essay - 1834 Words

Voting Age in Canada The young as well as the older people of Canada seem to be in a deadlock. The question of if the federal government should or should not lower the voting age is a question debated surely around the dinner tables of families in Canada, as well as in the ranks of the government. Some people even suggest that the age needs to be raised. What would make people want the voting age to be lowered to an even lower age than the young adult age of 18? On the other hand how can the youth of Canada who have their own individual views be able to make a difference without being able to vote? Both sides provide for an intriguing look into the facts and resolutions for an appropriate way to either change the voting age or keep†¦show more content†¦Thousands of these young adults are politically informed, politically active and have the concerns and demands many of the people who actually vote have. However, the youth of Canada also have concerns of their own which they are unable to address substantially. People under the age of eighteen for the most part are concerned in matters much different than say an employed thirty five-year-old. The youth under eighteen still are in high school they are concerned about as a grade 10 student from Western Canada High School put class sizes, teacher disputes, and minimum wage, (Thompson) among other things. He later goes on to state the fact that by the time he has indeed graduated and become eighteen years old, he will no longer be interested in class sizes nor teacher disputes, therefore he will not address them in his decision on who he decided to vote for. This is a very valid argument and it is also true for the most part to say that the voices of these concerned children should be heard via the vote of their parents. The government of Canada sees the parents as a voice for their children, however parents inevitably will vote in a bias towards their needs such as tax cuts. Without the availability and opportunity to vote and voice their opinions in an electoral system the youth of Canada are left to impact the political process in other ways. Thousands of youth are involved in political parties, political rallies and interest groupsShow MoreRelatedShould 16 Year Olds Be Able?1298 Words   |  6 Pagesolds be able to Vote in Canada? At the age of 16, many Canadian youth can drive a vehicle, be tried and sentenced as an adult in a court of law, have a job and pay taxes, teenagers are just as affected from government policies than the rest of Canada. So the question is why can’t 16 and 17 year olds vote in a federal election. Having voting age lowered to 16 will have greater benefits to Canada as whole than not having them vote at all. Furthermore, besides from the voting I find it completelyRead MoreShould Mandatory Voting Be Banned?912 Words   |  4 Pages As a result, mandatory voting has gained the attention of many political scientists and political analysts. While there are good reasons to worry about Canadians’ diminishing voter turn-out, it is also fair to say that mandatory voting will not prove beneficial to the future of Canada’s democracy. Although mandatory voting will increase the voter turn-out, it will not create an informed voter base and neither raise a more politically kn owledgeable society. Making voting compulsory is accompaniedRead MoreVoting Is A Staple Of Our Society911 Words   |  4 Pagesthe elections of Canada in 2015, I was conversing with a friend of mine apropos the arising issues that might affect us as Canadian citizens. My friend was telling me how she was distraught by Prime minster Harper’s policies and ideals. I explained to her how she can take a stance through the upcoming elections but she disagreed and explained to me how she thinks her voice will not make a difference. She went on a rant expressing how many of her friends do not believe in voting. The issue here isRead MoreShould Public Voting Rights Be Allowed?1488 Words   |  6 PagesMadeline Gropman, 104354669 Dr. Collier 02-45-100 25 November 2015 Should Everyone in Canada Be Allowed to Vote? Voting rights have been historically considered the heart of democratic citizenship wherein they hold the value that those controlled by the law should have a say in its conception and establishment. I believe that permanent Canadian residents, who have not yet gained citizenship, should be allowed to vote in municipal elections because universal suffrage is considered one of the mostRead MoreCompulsory Voting And Its Effect On Society1543 Words   |  7 Pagesmandatory voting is in effect in about 30 democracies around the world. However of these 30 that have compulsory voting in their laws, the policies vary from country to country. For an example, some countries only instate compulsory voting for certain elected positions. France, for example, strictly uses compulsory voting for their Senatorial elections (Hamid, 2010). As the number of active voters decreases there are limited options as to how to increase voter turnout, compulsory voting could beRead MoreIndigenous Voting Righ ts : The Indian Act Modified Section 77 ( 1 )1404 Words   |  6 PagesWhile it may be argued that voting rights was an inducement to avoid the collective rights, land claims and self-government that many were vocally pursing at the time, two separate organizations have confronted the issue of Indigenous voting rights which has impacted Indigenous communities today. There are three prominent examples that support my argument, firstly, because of the issues brought forward, The Indian Act modified Section 77(1) which regards voting in band elections. Secondly, in 1960Read MoreThe Suffrage Of The United States1201 Words   |  5 Pageselecting members to office. Therefore, by 1965 all United States citizens were given the right to vote, and the federal government undertook precautions to ensure that states could not disenfranchise people based on their race, religion, or gender. B. Canada Long before the Canadian parliamentary institutions were created in the late eighteenth century, â€Å"Canada’s [Indian] peoples had developed their own systems of government . . . [such as] the Six Nations Confederacy, sometimes referred to as the oldestRead MoreInfluence of Compulsory Voting1626 Words   |  7 PagesIdea of Compulsory Voting After Australia, Singapore, and Switzerland implemented compulsory voting and the turnout of voters grew, other democratic countries began wondering if the idea should be implemented globally. Research began on how this implementation affected countries with compulsory voting in place and how it would affect other countries such as Canada (Twomey, 2013). The idea that Canada, or another similarly democratic country, should pass a policy of compulsory voting would be againstRead MoreWere the needs of Quebecois Effectively Met?1078 Words   |  5 Pages From the Confederation of Canada, to present day, French Canadians have always thought that Canadas path towards the future should be embodied in a different manner. Several events in Canadian History have resulted in several heated feelings between French and English Canadians. Though the majority of English Speaking Canadians have tried to reconcile with French Canadians by making several attempts to mend their relationships, the qu estion about the needs of French Canadians still exists. ThroughRead More The Canadian Governing System is not Fair or Democratic Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter, and on the other hand the more conservative thinkers will argue that no change is needed because our government is efficient and considerate. However, our voting system, our Senate, and the power vested to the Prime Minister are far from democratic, do not meet the actual needs of the people and definitely need to be addressed. Canada itself claims to be democratic, yet the Canadian Senate is appointed to office by the current Prime Minister rather than elected by the citizens. The original

The Ironies Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson Essay

The Ironies in â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jackson made quite a commotion when her short story named â€Å"The Lottery† was first published in the New Yorker in 1948. The twist ending shocked many who first read it, readers criticize her on how she could write about a primitive village that blindly follow an age old tradition, this kind of violent behavior is below them after all. Quite ironic considering that it happens during WWII, one of the bloodiest events in human history. Jackson, herself who recognizes as the mistress of gothic horror, woven in many ironies in her short story as she shows the readers that human being is more evil to each other than we want to believe. Once the ending is reviled, it now clear that the title itself it an irony. A lottery is what we defined by giving everyone a number ticket and drawing numbers at random in which the winner gets a prize, so we consider that the lottery in the story would be a positive thing. But as it turns out, the lottery winner of the story is in fact the loser since she loses her life as the object in a brutal ritual sacrifice, the opposite of what a lottery is supposed to be. And being more conscious of that fact along with the ending, the other ironies are now obvious. In the first paragraph the irony is situational as it’s described the start of summer break. The weather is perfect, the children had just gotten out of school; â€Å"the flowers were blooming profusely and the greens were richly green† (para 1). But we wouldShow MoreRelatedIrony In The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe lottery was authored by a renowned and most celebrated literature icon among his peers during his time and beyond; one Shirley Jackson, and the text would be first published in 1948 the 26 of June (Jackson 110). The storyline is told following a literal trajectory of a cultural performance in a remote setting, known as the lottery. The author of this text describes a chain of themes in his work, and they include; tradition and customs, society and class, as well as family setups and hypocrisyRead MoreSatire/Irony in ‘the Lottery’ by Shirley Jackson2034 Words   |  9 PagesSatire/Irony in ‘The Lottery’: T he Lucky Ticket The use of Satire/Irony within literature establishes situations where the unlikelihood of the occurrence of an event will happen. Jackson’s manipulation of his story, The Lottery, provides an unexpected twist to what one may seem to be a normal subject. Northrop Frye’s The Singing School, suggests that all stories are told in either one of four ways: Comedy, Romance, Tragedy or Satire/Irony (Frye 18). The use of Irony and its conventional associationsRead More Irony in the Story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay644 Words   |  3 PagesIrony in the Story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† irony is an underlying theme used throughout the story. The setting is introduced as a â€Å"clear and sunny† day, but ends with the brutal death of a housewife (715). The two people who essentially run the town, Mr. Graves and Mr. Summers, also have ironic names. In addition, the characters and the narrator make ironic statements throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plot as a whole in â€Å"The Lottery† is filled withRead MoreUse Of Situational Irony In The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1156 Words   |  5 Pages Many authors use irony to make their writings more diverse, as well as to intensify the literary elements in the story. Shirley Jackson, writer of â€Å"The Lottery†, does this in her stories in order to leave the reader in suspense and confusion with her use of situational irony. She also uses dramatic irony to give the story a grotesque twist and to cause the reader more confusion about the characters’ morals. Verbal irony is used to intensify characterization as well as give the reader an insightRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery 916 Words   |  4 Pages The Foreshadowing in â€Å"The Lottery† On a warm day in late June, villagers gather in the square to participate in a lottery run by Mr. Summers. The children arrive first and begin collecting stones until their parents call them to order. Mr. Summers calls each head of the household forward to a black wooden box, where each selects a slip of paper. Once the men have chosen, Mr. Summers allows everyone to open the paper and see who wins. Bill Hutchinson wins and his wife immediately starts protestingRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis784 Words   |  4 Pageswe perceive them to be and we are often very surprised by certain outcomes. Throughout her short stories, â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"The Possibility of Evil†, Shirley Jackson shocks readers with her unthinkable plot twists. During both stories, they begin very peaceful and calm but as you near the end, your view of both readings completely change. Throughout â€Å"The Lottery† if you win the lottery that year you will be sacrifice d, which no one would believe would happen as the title has a positive connotation;Read MoreHuman Corruption Of Human Nature1140 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Corruption in â€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a classic short story in U.S literature. Written in 1948, the short story has been published in multiple languages around the world. It is still a required reading in U.S today. The story was later adapted into both a TV short and a play (â€Å"Shirley Jackson’s Bio†). Jackson uses irony and symbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† to show the corruption of human nature. The story opens up on a clear June day. It continues to describe an ominousRead MoreAnalysis of The Lottery by Shirley Jackson993 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish author, When we blindly adopt a religion, a political system, a literary dogma, we become automatons. We cease to grow. Shirley Jackson was born in 1919 in San Francisco, California to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. She is most well known for her short story titled â€Å"The Lottery† which was first published in The New Yorker to overwhelming and mixed reviews. The lottery, as portrayed in the short story, is a religious, annual ceremony in the afternoon of June 27. This event is said to be olderRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery Literary Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pagesgreen† (Jackson). In this first sentence of the The Lottery Shirley Jackson establishes a pleasant illusion, creating a sense of serenity. Jackson proceeds to mention that children begin to gather in the village, frolicing and conversing about school. The initial scene and satirically labeled title, The Lottery, provide a somewhat satisfying first impression to the reader. The introductory scene is eminent to intentionally implement misconception of the narrative to encompass climatic irony in the

The American Agriculture Industry free essay sample

A discussion on the American agriculture industry by focusing on cranberry growing. This paper discusses the American agriculture industry in general, and the cranberry growing sector in particular. The author explains how cranberry growing affects other agricultural and non-agricultural areas such as economics and cosmetics. In addition, cranberry growing enables the US to penetrate and compete with international markets. The vitality that characterizes United States agriculture began to develop more than two centuries ago, at the arrival of the Industrial Revolution. From the earliest days of United States History, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play a vital role in any society, but farming has been particularly valued in the United States because farmers were the pinnacle of the economic virtues that Americans to this day hold in high esteem, such as hard work, initiative, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans found that owning a farm was a ticket that allowed them to participate in the American economic system, Especially immigrants who may have never were given the opportunity to own land and did not have ownership over their own labor or products. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Agriculture Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The Ethics Of War Essays - Applied Ethics, Catholic Social Teaching

The Ethics Of War Root Entry MatOST MatOST Microsoft Works MSWorksWPDoc Jason Bennett Ethics I 5-11-98 Paper #2 The Ethics of War Discussed I choose to do my paper on the ethics of war, and plan to discuss the morality and rules of war. One of the biggest reasons that I chose this topic is that I was in the Army for a few years, and therefore have some insight and concern on the subject of war. I do not think that my opinions will be biased as I can still take an objective look at the arguments, but I do plan to argue that the morality of war is relative to the situation. I am generally in agreement with the author's of the articles in our textbook, and have read and understand their arguments. In Morality of Nuclear Armanent, Connery discusses when it is and is not permissible to use nuclear weapons to resolve a conflict. He starts out with several statements that set the tone for his argument. He says that Wars of aggression are always impermissible and The only just war is a defensive war.... This means that it is never permissible to attack another country, unless they have attacked or provoked you. Now this could be argued because there are many situations that I believe would warrant military aggression, that would not require an actual prior show of force. For example, the situation in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm. Sadam Hussien did not attack the United States, nor did his actions threaten the lives of U.S. citizens. I strongly believe however, that the U.S. had every right, if not an obligation to intervene with military force. The U.S. had economic interests to protect, as well as the defense of a small country that could not defend itself against the hostile attack. Connery also discusses the amount and type of force that is permissible. He says, In a defensive war, only proportional responses are permissible to answer aggression. An exception is possible if the enemy is extraordinarily well-armed and likely to use dis-proportionate force. For instance, if my enemy were in possession of nuclear bombs which I had good reason to believe he would use, it would be suicidal for me to choose the more leisurely precision bombing. This means that if the situation could be resolved with a limited display of military force, then it is not necessary or permissible to exceed this level of aggression in the attack. However, if the enemy you are facing has superior weapons or is willing to use devastating force against you, then you are permitted to use whatever actions necessary to resolve the situation and save your own country. The majority of Connery's argument focuses on the morality of waging indiscriminate warfare on non-combatants, i.e. non-soldiers, civilians. In his article he says: Moralists agree that the noncombatant may not be the direct target of any destructive weapon, large or small. This means that one may neither deliberately aim his attack at noncombatants nor drop bombs without distinction on combatants and noncombatants alike. Such bombing would be contrary to sound moral principles, even if resorted to only in retaliation. But granted a sufficiently important military target which could not be safely eliminated by any less drastic means, nuclear bombing would be morally justified, even if it involved the resultant loss of a large segment of the civilian population. It is presumed, of course, that the good to be achieved is at least equal to the expected damages. I would tend to agree with this argument, that it would be morally permissible to bomb civilians as long as the end justifies the means. But what justifies the merciless slaughter of innocent people? Connery says, But to be justified, the loss of civilian life must be unavoidable and balanced by a proportionate good to the defender. This view is not shared by Ford, who in his article The Hydrogen Bombing of Cities, he argues that it is never permissible to kill noncombatants. It is never permitted to kill directly noncombatants in wartime. Why? Because they are innocent. That is, they are innocent of the violent and destructive action of war, or of any close participation in the violent and destructive action of war. It is

Third Place

Third Place Analysts and education experts are of the view that an instructor should understand the culture and the native language of a student learning a foreign language. Furthermore, it is important to understand the culture of the speakers of the target language. In this regard, it is essential to understand both L1 and L2 aspects of a culture. The new culture should not contradict the culture of the learner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Third Place The New Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More LoBianco (1999) refers to this phenomenon as the ‘Third Place’. The third place is crucial in teaching a foreign language. LoBianco (1999) argues that when teaching a foreign language, one should identify the middle ground between L1 and L2. The middle ground is then used to benefit the learners. However, it is important to note at this juncture that the middle ground does not imply adopting the target culture. To the student, the middle ground may translate to appreciating the different cultures of fellow students (Liddicoat, Crozet LoBianco, 1999). Moreover, foreign language students should comprehend the culture of the native speakers, regardless of whether or not they wish to adopt the new lifestyle and behaviour patterns (Liddicoat, 2000). Various scholars, such as Schmidt (1993) and Cook (1999), encourage learners to pay attention to the various aspects of the language they are learning. The learner should pay attention to such aspects as styles of speech, relevant contexts, and functional meanings. Kasper (2001) and Trosborg (1994) add that students should be aware of the sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic behaviour appropriate for particular settings. Learning the various pragmalinguistic features, such as politeness markers, poses a challenge to learners. It is challenging given that one has to use the features correctly and within the right context (Schmidt, 1993; Lazenby, 1997). According to Lazenby (1997), sociopragmatic features are the social aspects of speech. Sociopragmatic features involve day to day activities, such as asking for help or apologising. The arguments made by Bardovi in 1999 (and cited in Kasper, 2001) reveal that grammatical awareness and pragmatic competence should remain independent of each other.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The scholar notes that achieving considerable levels of grammatical competence does not necessarily mean that the learner is pragmatically competent. The two phenomena are quite different from each other. I am an English instructor at the College of Technology in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Most of my students are aged between 19 and 25 years, and they learn the English language within a period of two years. The students have already learnt English for a period of six years before joining college. However, the English instructions they have received prior to joining the college place little emphasis on culture. As a college instructor at the college level, my major aim is to assist the students in learning both the language and its corresponding spoken culture. There are several personal and professional beliefs that inform my envisaged objectives. For example, I believe that teaching my students the culture of the speakers of the target language will help them appreciate the uniqueness of the two cultures. As an English teacher working with learners of Arabic descent, I have faced various challenges, both within and without the classroom. For example, I have to contend with various groups of students who feel embarrassed or shy to pronounce English words like a native English speaker. I have come to realise that the shyness and embarrassment is as a result of the attitudes held by the students. The attitudes come from the fear of attracting criticism from other students, who are of t he opinion that Saudi students should not be expected to pronounce English words like native English speakers. In addition to this, I have come to realise that most Saudi students feel that memorising words, as well as learning grammar and sentence structure, is enough. They disregard the need to pronounce such words correctly, as well as the need to learn about the various aspects of the English language culture. The other cultural impediment I have come across in my efforts to teach the students the English language has to do with the various language textbooks. The various textbooks contain phrases, words, and pictures that are considered immoral or illegal in Saudi Arabia, a predominantly Muslim nation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Third Place The New Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the issues considered as either immoral or illegal in foreign language books relate to alcohol, sexuality, and diet. Textbooks written in foreign language, and targeting learners of the foreign language, should take into consideration the Muslim culture with regard to the issues highlighted above. At the same time, the books should be designed in a manner that clearly portrays the English culture, while avoiding conflicts with the religion and culture of the local people. For example, it is permissible to portray what happens in the West during summer holidays. However, to us here, it is repulsive to show pictures of scantly-dressed men and women frolicking on the coastal beaches. Similarly, the textbooks should not depict the celebrations of English speaking people that include imbibing alcoholic drinks. A critical analysis of the Saudi classroom will reveal that it is a third place, a place where students are prepared for higher learning. Teachers should use this opportunity to inform students about the differences between the Arabic and Western cultures. Creating such awareness is critic al given that some of the students may get the opportunity to study in English speaking nations, such as the United States of America and United Kingdom. To this end, the teachers should prepare the students to deal with the cultural shock. Some of the preparations include informing the students that they should expect to sit in the same classroom with students of the opposite gender. In addition, the students should be made aware of the fact that they will be taught by both male and female instructors. The students should also know that the power distance in most Western countries is low. As a result, they should be ready to relate with their teachers less formally compared to how they relate with teachers in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, it is appropriate to inform students that in the English speaking nations, they do not have to refer to their instructors by their titles. Nonetheless, most of the students in Saudi Arabia will never get the opportunity to travel to the West. As such, the teacher should use the classroom setting to help them understand the English language and the way of life of native English speakers. According to LoBianco (1999), the class becomes the ideal third place to learn foreign languages.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The learning can take place through watching videos, reading novels, telling stories, and listening to conversations between native English speakers. Moreover, the classroom setting in Saudi Arabia is regarded as a private space within a public space. Learning foreign languages and cultures takes place within such private spaces. According to LoBianco (1999), the college becomes the public space, while the classroom becomes the private space. The latter is the space within which students learn the English language and the English culture. In this third place, students are briefly separated from their culture, granting them the opportunity to engage in another culture foreign to them. The scholars who crafted the third place theory had several objectives in mind. The major aim of this theory is to generate self-reflection, critical engagement, and sensitivity among the learners of the language and speakers of the target language (Papademetre, 2003). Furthermore, one should understand that the language and culture of other people impacts on their actions, feelings, thoughts, and values. For example, a Saudi student should comprehend the lifestyles of people in English speaking nations. Linguists point out that for such an understanding to be created among students, the instructor should be aware of their own culture and the foreign culture they are teaching. The understanding of these two cultures is a perplexing and challenging responsibility. Culture and language have deep and far reaching impacts on the way we act and react, as well as on the beliefs and values we hold dear. For example, young people may have difficulties comprehending what their elders are saying. Both the instructor and the learner should aim to move to the third place’s middle ground, where they can observe cultural disparities and exchange significant and corresponding reconstructive ideas. Nevertheless, cross-cultural education is seen as one of the immediate results of combining different cultures. In attempts to ensure that the leaner comprehends the foreign culture, the instructor should endeavour to seamlessly combine the culture of the student with the one that he or she wants to introduce in their life. Furthermore, the instructor should avert any form of clash between the two cultures. Educating a person on the ways of another culture requires more than having knowledge and information about the two cultures. Such education requires the instructor to reflect and focus on both the target and native cultures. The reflection and focus is important given that the culture of the people is expressed through their language. As such, the student should understand that when learning a foreign language, they should familiarise themselves with the various aspects of the dialect. They should learn about the various aspects of the lives of the people in focus (Tang, 1999). For example, people from different cultures and from different geographical locations have d ifferent speech expressions. It is common to hear such phrases as â€Å"gday mate† in Australia, but the phrases are not used in America or in England. In efforts to understand the culture of a target language, the students are encouraged to learn about the various aspects of the lives of the native speakers. To facilitate this, the teacher is charged with the responsibility of capturing the interest and attention of the learners as far as learning the language is concerned (Byram, Esarte-Sarries, Taylor Allat, 1991). The focus of learning the foreign language should not only be on the differences between the two cultures, but also on discovering abstract similarities between them. For example, the ‘language behaviour’ exhibited by different cultures may be similar, depending on the level of abstraction. At high abstraction levels, cultural similarities are more discernible compared to cultural differences. However, at low abstraction levels, it is differences, and not similarities, which are discernible. The challenge facing instructors like me is the need to teach a language from different degrees of abstraction. The instructor should broach the subject by introducing obvious comparisons between the two cultures. As the learning progresses, the instructor will then shift to other comparisons at higher abstraction levels (Bex, 1994). According to Liddicoat Crozet (2001), interculturality is what validates the other and the self. In order to attain a hybrid position suitable for the learner, which is the third place, there should be a compromise between the two phenomena (Crozet, Liddicoat LoBianco, 1999). The compromise is reached through negotiations between the other and the self. In this case, the students make the decision to retain some aspects of the native culture. The students accept the idea of relinquishing some aspects of their culture, while selectively assimilating some aspects of the target culture (Crozet Liddicoat, 1999 ). In the early days, teaching and learning cultures foreign to the country required Saudi students to abandon their traditional cultures and embrace the foreign culture they were learning (Triandis, Kashima, Shimada Villareal, 1986). The replacement of one culture with another was largely regarded as unfavourable to them, given that it meant abandoning one form of mono-cultural existence and embracing another. However, and according to Kramsch (1993), the third place is the most suitable approach compared to the others. The third place gives the student the opportunity and freedom to identify a ground between L1 and L2 cultures. The third place theory is strongly linked to the third domain theory, which is outlined by Bhabha (1994). It is also related to dialogism theory, which is proposed by Bakhtin (1986). What this means is that it is not enough to analyse the third place theory as a stand-alone phenomenon. The scholar should take into consideration the links between the third place theory and the other theories (Kramsch, 1993). In conclusion, it is necessary for Saudi instructors teaching foreign language to understand the nature of the relationship between the two cultures. The instructor should be aware of the various aspects of the Saudi and target culture. The awareness will help them to effectively communicate with the learners. Furthermore, the understanding helps the instructors to transfer knowledge to the learners in a seamless manner. In addition, teachers should communicate to the learners the differences between the target culture and the native culture. At the same time, the instructor should highlight the various aspects of the new culture that are in agreement with the local culture. Just like other Muslim nations, Saudi Arabia is a very conservative society. The residents are very sensitive to foreign elements. In addition to â€Å"playing by the rules†, the teachers should equip their students with skills necessary to cope with li fe in English speaking nations. The skills will protect the students from cultural shock in their new learning environment. Equipping the learners with these skills helps in creating a third place, where the students are allowed and able to retain most aspects of their culture. At the same time, the students learn a new language and assimilate new ways of life. As already indicated, some of the students will remain behind in Saudi Arabia as their colleagues travel abroad for further studies. The third place will help most of the students who will remain behind to learn and appreciate the new language. They will continue to respect and appreciate their culture as they learn the new language. References Bakhtin, M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. Austin: University of Texas Press. Bex, A. R. (1994). The problem of culture and English language teaching in Europe. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 32(1), 57-67. Bhabha, H. (1994). The location of culture. New York : Routledge. Byram, M., Esarte-Sarries, V., Taylor, E., Allat, P. (1991). Young people’s perception of the other culture. In D. Buttjes M. Byram (Eds.), Mediating languages and cultures (pp. 103-119). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Cook, H. M. (1999). Why cant learners of Japanese as a foreign language distinguish polite from impolite speech styles?. New York: US Department of Education, Educational Resources Information Centre. Crozet, C., Liddicoat, A. J. (1999). The challenge of intercultural language teaching: Engaging with culture in the classroom. In J. LoBianco, A. J. Liddicoat C. Crozet (Eds.), Striving for the third place: Intercultural competence through language education (pp. 113-126). Canberra: Language Australia. Crozet, C., Liddicoat, A. J., LoBianco, J. (1999). Intercultural competence: From language policy to language education. In J. LoBianco, A. J. Liddicoat C. Crozet (Eds.), Striving for the third place: Intercultural competence through language edu cation (pp. 1-20). Canberra: Language Australia. Kasper, G. (2001). Four perspectives on L2 pragmatic development. Applied Linguistics, 22(4), 502-530. Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lazenby, S. B. (1997). A study of pragmatic perception and strategic behaviour of adult second language learners. Language Awareness, 6(4), 233–237. Liddicoat, A. J. (2000). Everyday speech as culture: Implications for language teaching. In A. Liddicoat C. Crozet (Eds.), Teaching languages, teaching cultures (pp. 51-63). Melbourne: Applied Linguistics Association of Australia. Liddicoat, A. J., Crozet, C. (2001). Acquiring French interactional norms through instruction. In K. Rose G. Kasper (Eds.), Pragmatic development in instructional contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Liddicoat, A. J., Crozet, C., LoBianco, J. (1999). Striving for the third place: Consequences and implications. In J. LoBianco, A. J. Liddicoat C. Crozet (Eds.), Striving for the third place: Intercultural competence through language education (pp. 1-20). Canberra: Language Australia. LoBianco, J. (1999). A ‘syntax of peace’? In J. LoBianco, A. J. Liddicoat C. Crozet (Eds.), Striving for the third place: Intercultural competence through language education (pp. 10-19). Melbourne: Language Australia. Papademetre, L. (2003). Learning languages. New York: Division of Education, Arts and Social Sciences. Schmidt, R. (1993). Consciousness, learning, and interlanguage pragmatics. In G. Kasper S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics (pp. 21-42). New York: Oxford University Press. Tang, R. (1999). The place of ‘culture’ in the foreign language classroom: A reflection. The Internet TESL Journal, 5(8), 37-57. Triandis, H. C., Kashima, Y., Shimada, E., Villareal, M. (1986). Acculturation indices as a means of confirming cultural differences. International Journal of Psychology, 21, 43-70. Trosborg, A. (1994). Interlanguage pragmatics: Requests, complaints, and apologies. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Co.

Quantity Surveyors Role in Construction Dispute Resolution Assignment

Quantity Surveyors Role in Construction Dispute Resolution - Assignment Example The system being young is in a phase of evolution, hence some of them are the there are several techniques that are devised for the execution of the approach. This paper will cover the most relevant and applied ones with respect to the construction industry of UK. In addition, I strongly believe that we discuss techniques which are being discussed and administered under Arbitration Act 1996. The techniques that are discussed in this paper would be as following, 1. Negotiation, 2. Arbitration, 3. Mini-trial , 4. Dispute Review Boards/ Dispute resolution boards, 5. Mediation 1. Negotiation One of the foremost and basic techniques is negotiation. This technique is discussed first due to the fact that it occurs first in the process of dispute resolution. In this the parties in dispute resolve the issue themselves and no third party is involved in the process. The process of conducting this technique is simple and basic, where the two parties meet, preferable face to face, discuss upon th e issues, finally coming to a mutually agreeable point. If this point is reached than normally the process end with an issues of a letter of agreement or memorandum of understanding, which will act as partial bidding for future line of action for both parties. The advantages of this technique are that it cheapest and quickest for the parties. Then this technique helps in retention of the commercial relationship between the parties. Most importantly there is least preach of confidentiality under this technique, as no or very little information is transmitted to other external sources and the engaged parties have the full control. Whereas the disadvantage of this technique is that it is not applicable incase the difference claims from the parties is too much and if either party is not interested to continue the work or maintain commercial relation. The role of the quantity surveyor is the most crucial one in this technique, due to the fact that whenever there is a dispute, both partie s have to evaluate and quantify there loss/gain which will act as a decision support system. As mentioned earlier in the start of a dispute it is all about the number game and there is very less input required from the side of the lawyers at this stage, so the project manager or management in general are very dependent on Quantity Surveyors for advice and evaluation of the cost and benefit analysis. Lastly when the two parties meet for negotiation, only the quantity surveyor has the precise knowledge about cost, associated resources and issues related to certain activities of the project. Hence the role of QS is most relevant in this technique as there is very less involvement of law and very high level of involvement of numbers and activity monitoring. I believe the process can be improved if this process start from the lower levels of management and then go up. As it is suggested that the lower management must first meet and try to resolve the disputes. 2. Arbitration Arbitration is one of the two oldest techniques to dispute resolution, hence several newly devised are somewhat rooted out of this technique. The arbitration is initiated if the initial negotiations fail, and several of the times it is invoked by the clauses of the contract that was written between the parties. If there is no provision of Arbitration in the contract then a voluntary agreement is made between the partie

Report1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report1 - Essay Example Even though 85% of the group is not of legal age and probably do not have a stable source of income, they continue to be of great influence to those who finance them into buying skatingboarding products. According to Chris Simpson, a return customer on Freebord.com, all the purchases of Freebord (our brand name) and other skatingboarding products have been financed by his parents. Chatting from our online platform, Chris admits that his parents have their worries on how safe skateboarding is. To cater for such worries, we also sell high quality protective gear such as helmets, elbow pads, wrist guards and knee pads. We also have a body armor kit which involves all the latter three protective gears sold as a bundle and at a discount. This keeps our customers safe and thus making us have high rates on return customers. The quality of our skateboards and other accompanying accessories is the greatest motivation for those who demand our products. Quality and safety are the key demand dri vers for our product here in USA. Turkey is our future market for our Freebord product. Generally, Turkey has had good business relations with the USA. Turkey has USA as one of its leading import source after the EU. In Turkey, wealth and status are the major determinants of social status. The basic categories of class are; the rural population, the large rural landowner class, the urban lower class, the urban middle class and the wealthy urban educated class. Social organization includes the online community which has further segments of subdivisions according to interests. Twitter, Facebook are the popular social sites from which groups with young people are further categorized (Ergener 40-43). Social clubs and groups in which our business is likely to benefit from are those involving students in middle school, high school and universities. An online group by the

Climate Change Biodiversity And Ecosystem Loss Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change Biodiversity And Ecosystem Loss Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change is a problem that is having a big impact in biodiversity and ecosystem loss, this is a problem that comes from decades and it is getting bigger and bigger and unstoppable, climate change is having a big impact in some parts of the ecosystem, like arctic zones, oceans, and other parts of the ecosystem, but climate change is now by the humans as Global Warming. Global Warming have a simple meaning, the climate is changing, the earth is warming up, the habitats of some species are changing this causes their extinction, the temperatures around the world are increasing causing that the glacier-melt, the oceans level increase. The climate change occurs because the increase of greenhouse gases that are Carbon Dioxide (CO2), this gases are produces by the humans and globalization, the greenhouse effect is when the energy from the sun drives the earths, In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space; Some atmospheric gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. The Humans are the reason why the biodiversity and the ecosystem is loss, we are the ones that produces this gases, and we are the only ones that can stop the Global Warming, this is a problem with the past of the years is getting every time bigger and its time to the humans stop this problem, a 39% of species around the world all in danger of extinction, and the ecosystem in which the animals and we (Humans), are leaving is in danger, the increase in temperatures in the last years, are melting the poles, and increasing the level of the ocean, the effect of the increase of the temperature, causes natural disaster, that affects the environment and killing many peoples, but this have many solutions. Chapter 1: Why biodiversity is important? Why is important dont lose it? Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. For example: A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a variety of disasters. And so, while we dominate this planet, we still need to preserve the diversity in wildlife. While there might be survival of the fittest within a given species, each species depends on the services provided by other species to ensure survival. It is a type of cooperation based on mutual survival and is often what a balanced ecosystem refers to. Chapter 2: Climate change impact on arctic an oceans biodiversity: The link between climate change and biodiversity has long been established. Although throughout Earths history the climate has always changed with ecosystems and species coming and going, rapid climate change affects ecosystems and species ability to adapt and so biodiversity loss increases. The climate change have more impact in some areas likes the arctic and the oceans. The Arctic, Antarctic and high latitudes have had the highest rates of warming, and this trend is projected to continue, as the above-mentioned Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 notes, In the Arctic, it is not just a reduction in the extent of sea ice, but its thickness and age. Less ice means less reflective surface meaning more rapid melting. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, May 2010 The extent of floating sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, as measured at its annual minimum in September, showed a steady decline between 1980 and 2009 according to National Snow and Ice Data Center, graph compiled by Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, May 2010. They are some species that need this sea ice like the polar bears. Other problem is the increasing of ocean acidification, Although it has gained less mainstream media attention the effects of increasing greenhouse emissions, in particular carbon dioxide, on the oceans may well be significant. Scientists are finding that on the one hand oceans have been able to absorb some of the excess CO2 released by human activity. This has helped keep the planet cooler than it otherwise could have been had these gases remained in the atmosphere. However, the additional CO2 being absorbed is also resulting in the acidification of the oceans: When CO2 reacts with water it produces a weak acid called carbonic acid, changing the sea water chemistry. As the Global Biodiversity Outlook report explains, the water is some 30% more acidic than pre-industrial times, depleting carbonate ions the building blocks for many marine organisms. In addition, concentrations of carbonate ions are now lower than at any time during the last 800,000 years. The impacts on ocean biological diversity and ecosystem functioning will likely be severe, though the precise timing and distribution of these impacts are uncertain. (See p. 58 of the report.) This change is also occurring rapidly, so some marine life may not have the chance to adapt. Some marine creatures are growing thinner shells or skeletons, for example. Some of these creatures play a crucial role in the food chain, and in ecosystem biodiversity. Chapter 3: Human impact in biodiversity. 3.1 Massive extinction. For a long time , human activities has been causing massive extinctions, A major report, released in March 2005 highlighted a substantial and largely irreversible loss in the diversity of life on Earth, with some 10-30% of the mammal, bird and amphibian species threatened with extinction, due to human actions. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), notes that many species are threatened with extinction. In addition, 75% of genetic diversity of agricultural crops has been lost 75% of the worlds fisheries are fully or over exploited Up to 70% of the worlds known species risk extinction if the global temperatures rise by more than 3.5 °C 1/3rd of reef-building corals around the world are threatened with extinction Every second a parcel of rainforest the size of a football field disappears Over 350 million people suffer from severe water scarcity Extinction risks out pace any conservation successes. Amphibians are the most at risk, while corals have had a dramatic increase in risk of extinction in recent years. 3.2 Declining ocean biodiversity: In the past century, commercial whaling has decimated numerous whale populations, many of which have struggled to recover. Commercial whaling in the past was for whale oil. With no reason to use whale oil today, commercial whaling is mainly for food, while there is also some hunting for scientific research purposes. Japan is the prime example of hunting whales for the stated aim of scientific research while a lot of skepticism says it is for food. Greenpeace and other organizations often release findings that argue Japans whaling to be excessive or primarily for food, other example is almost in japan the trap the white shark only for get his tail. 3.3 Loss of forest. A 20-year study has shown that deforestation and introduction of non-native species has led to about 12.5% of the worlds plant species to become critically rare (An example is the Amazon damage), A report from the World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development suggests that the forests of the world have been exploited to the point of crisis and that major changes in global forest management strategies would be needed to avoid the devastation. There are somes species that haven been discover, if this problem continues, the habitat of this species would be loss and they would been extend. Brazil, which is estimated to have around 55,000 species of flora, amounting to some 22% of the worlds total and India for example, which has about 46,000 and some 81,000 animal species (amounting to some 8% of the worlds biodiversity), are also under various pressures, from corporate globalization, deforrestation, etc. So too are many other biodiverse regions, such as Indonesia, parts of Africa, and other tropical regions. Graphic 2. Comparing actual area of Brazilian portion of the Amazon deforested each year between 1990 and 2009. Source: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, May 2010, p.33 The significant decline noted in the Brazilian Amazon is not enough to prevent the World Bank worrying about the future. The Global Biodiversity Outlook report notes that According to a recent study co-ordinated by the World Bank, 20% Amazon deforestation would be sufficient to trigger significant dieback of forest in some parts of the biome by 2025, when coupled with other pressures such as climate change and forest fires. Furthermore, some of the reversals in deforestation is because of reforestation, but the report raises the same concerns as also noted further below. Namely, Since newly-planted forests often have low biodiversity value and may only include a single tree species, a slowing of net forest loss does not necessarily imply a slowing in the loss of global forest biodiversity. Between 2000 and 2010, the global extent of primary forest (that is, substantially undisturbed) declined by more than 400,000 square km, an area larger than Zimbabwe. Conclusion The animals habitat are disappearing because human, nature give all to humans but humans never gave him back, this is why the biodiversity is disappearing, climate change is altering all the habitat, the temperature are increasing, the pollution on is increasing every day, but the reason why all of this is happening is because humans, the environment is increasing in a 100%, and the humans dont take care about the forest or the animals. This would affect the humans in a future, an example is the water, without forest, no water, and if humans dont have water, it would be a several problem, like conflicts by countries looking for water, this is why I take climate change and biodiversity loose, Because this is a problem that affects humans all the days. Sources Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, May 2010 Our choise, Al Gore, 2010 An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore, 2006 Human Impact Triggers Massive Extinctions, ST. LOUIS, Missouri, August 2, 1999 (ENS) Jaan Suurkula, World-wide cooperation required to prevent global crisis; Part one- the problem, Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science and Technology, February 6, 2004 [Emphasis is original] Index Chapter 1: Why biodiversity is important? Why is important dont lose it?PG3 Chapter2: Climate change impact on arctic an oceans biodiversity:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦PG3-5 Chapter3: Human impact in biodiversityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦PG5-9

Dances With Wolves Essay -- Movie Film Native Americans Papers

Dances With Wolves Dances with Wolves offers a cinematic portrayal of Native Americans that is quite contrary to the stereotypical norm. In this film, John Dunbar, goes out to the west where he meets and becomes friends with the Sioux Indians. He is drawn more and more into their community and eventually chooses to side with the humane Indians over his fellow cruel white Americans. In an attempt to change stereotypical views, director Kevin Costner through Dunbar, presents to the audience a different perspective of Indian removal. The film allows viewers to identify and sympathize with the Indians and thus causes a shift of perception towards the Indian problem. Movie critic Ariztlan, in a review of the film, states that Dances with Wolves "showed the Indians as human beings with a culture and way of life that had the full breadth of human dignity, humor, spirituality and family values (http://www.ariztlan.org/mov/wolves)." The stereotypical view of Indians as savage inhumane beings is strategically dw indled in this movie. This film was set around the time of the Civil War which took place from 1861-1865. It was during this time that acts of Indian removal were common. The prevalent attitude of Americans at the time was that of expansion into the west. The primitive Indian inhabitants of the western territory proposed a problem for the Americans. To settle into the west, they had to remove the Indians to other places. In a lecture on the place of the west in American history, Dr. April Summitt addressed the historical framework of Indian removal. The first major Indian removal took place in 1830. They were further removed to smaller reservations in the 1870's and 1880's. With this knowledge of the historical setting, we c... ...m. Dunbar was named Dances with Wolves because he was literally caught prancing around with a wolf. Beyond this literal interpretation is the symbolic one of Dunbar's dance with the Indians. The gist of the film is encapsulated in this one metaphorical story line. The film, Dances with Wolves, is masterfully produced to change the stereotypical view of Native Americans as brutal savages to a fixed view of them as normal human beings. Shift in perception is achieved by first grabbing the audience attention with an initial matched stereotype of cruel Indians. The audience is carried to a new frame of thought through the trustworthy character of Dunbar and his developing relationship with the Indians. In the end, Dunbar's dance with the wolves becomes a great learning experience for him in his life, as well as an eye-opening tool for the humbled American audience.

Nike Hrm Issues and Solutions

Sarawak Campus School of Business & Design HBH225N Human Resource Management Semester 02/2012 Individual Assignment Nike – Human Resource Management Issues and Solutions Due Date: Friday, 30. November 2012 By Katharina Pilgrim, ID: 4310187 Executive Summary In 1964 a company known back then as Blue Ribbon Sports was founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. 14 years later the US American multinational corporation officially became Nike, Inc. , which is up to today engaged in the development, design and international marketing and selling of sport footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services.The company’s headquarters are located in Washington County, Oregon, near Beaverton in the United States of America. Nike’s revenue reached 24. 1 billion USD in 2012 with an operating income of 3. 04 billion USD and employing worldwide more than 44. 000 people. The company is leading in supplying athletic apparel and shoes as well as manufacturing sports equipment an d other athletic and recreational products. Just the brand alone is worth 10. 7 billion USD, which makes Nike the most valuable brand among sport businesses. Its president and CEO is Mark Parker and founder Phil Knight still remains chairman of the board.The company’s name Nike goes back to the Greek goddess of victory, Nike [ni? k ]. In 1971 the graphic-design student Carolyn Davidson drafted the company logo for 35 USD, the international trademark and better known today as the Swoosh. Nike owns a number of subsidiaries, including the four most important ones, the upscale footwear company Cole Haan, the surf apparel company Hurley International, Converse Inc. , makers of the iconic Chuck Taylor All Stars sneakers and sports apparel supplier Umbro (About Nike Inc, 2012). Table of Contents 1. Introduction 04 2. Analysis of HRM Issues 04 . 1 Employee Compensation 04 2. 2 employee Motivation 05 2. 3 Occupational Health and Safety 06 2. 4 Quality of Work Life 07 2. 5 Managing Div ersity 08 3. Implication of Issues 08 3. 1 Employee Compensation 08 3. 2 employee Motivation 09 3. 3 Occupational Health and Safety 10 3. 4 Quality of Work Life 10 3. 5 Managing Diversity 11 4. Recommendations 12 4. 1 Employee Compensation 12 4. 2 employee Motivation 13 4. 3 Occupational Health and Safety 13 4. 4 Quality of Work Life 14 4. 5 Managing Diversity 15 5. Conclusion 16 6. References 16 . Introduction The following report will analyse five major human resource management issues that occurred at Nike Inc. over the past years, relating them to human resource management models and theories, followed by an implication of those issues, which means elaborating on the outcomes or better, what happened to employees or management after the issues occurred and how they impacted the entire company. This will be followed by giving recommendations for those issues by finding solutions using human resource information systems and the theory of change management.In the end an overall con clusion will be drawn, summarizing the major points and solutions found. 2. 0 Analysis of HRM Issues 2. 1 Employee Compensation In 1998 the issue of unfair employee compensation in Nike’s factories in the South East Asian region arose and made its way to the public. Nike ‘s management was accused to use child labour in first place and pay Indonesian kids just 19 US cents per hour (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 40). Workers complained that their basic monthly salary is not high enough in order to meet their cost of living.There were also complaints concerning unpaid wages and disputed overtime payments. Nike was accused to exploit their workers and use methods of compensation along with the overall treatment that are against human rights (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 41). Base payment is considered a direct financial reward. Next to the indirect financial rewards and the non-financial ones regarding the job itself and the job environment it comes together as the overall employee compensa tion, which is the most important human resource management function (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 2). It can help in order to reinforce the culture of an organisation and its key values. Compensation also facilitates the achievement of the organisation’s business objects and therefore a significant mismatch between the compensation and the organisational strategy can create major barriers (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 22). In a compensation program with the employee as the objective, there are four points to take in mind. First, all employees must receive equitable treatment; second, the employee’s performance needs to me measured accurately and rewarded ppropriately. Also an appropriate compensation change needs to be provided as well as performance and compensation reviews on a regular basis (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 24). Nike does not see to apply this or any compensation program to their workers in South East Asia, especially in Indonesia and Vietn am. Nike also does not care to pay for performance. Merit pay exists in order to develop a productive, efficient and effective organisation that enhances their employee’s motivation and performance (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 25).Nike instead just pays and average minimum wage which neither reflects an employee’s performance nor is enough to survive in some cases (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 45). 2. 2 Employee Motivation Another issue that arose at Nike Inc. also in factories in South East Asia was that workers experienced a great lack of motivation, because they were highly dissatisfied with the attitude of their direct supervisor. Again, human rights were violated. In 2007 workers in factories in Vietnam claimed that the treatment of their direct supervisors was inhuman and makes them not want to go to work anymore at all (Harte Arbeit, wenig Geld 2009).Employees for example were just allowed to use the bathroom once a day in a twelve hour shift and drinking water was limited to two glasses per day as well. Supervisors would treat employees like second class people, talk in a rude tone and threaten them as well. As a result of this misbehaviour employees didn’t feel valued as human beings at all and started to loose motivation (Harte Arbeit, wenig Geld 2009). Considering the existing theories of motivation, you can say that Nike’s supervisors practice the X theory, which makes manager’s assumptions directive, narrow and control oriented in their treatment of employees.Theory X is an early theory of motivation and in modern society should not be practiced anymore (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 41). Also the little pay workers receive can’t be the only motivational factor, since there is little trust between management and employees and money is viewed just as the sole motivator. The thought process of workers in affected factories looked like this; after they get treated poorly and have to face a difficult workplace environment, they put little effort in their work, so their performance is just acceptable, they receive a low wage with no opportunity in sight for a raise nyways, so they just do the minimum required in order to not get fired (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 42). This is not beneficial for the worker himself, since mentally he is also suffering if he has to go to a job every day he is not satisfied with and also not beneficial for Nike, since the worker’s performance will be on a very low level, raising chances for products to be not manufactured in a way the company desires.Taking a brief look at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, you can see that the physiological need that includes water, food and air is the fundamental of all needs every job has to provide for an employee, since if the base already experiences cracks, everything build on top will be crocked and not function in the way desired (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 43). 2. 3 Occupational Health and SafetyI n 2010, Nike had to face another issue besides the lack of employee motivation and the general public denouncing Nike due to their general treatment of their workforce in South East Asia, this time considering the topic of occupational health and safety. In factories in South China, after providing surveys prior to training, 60 to 90% of the employees stated that procedures to obtain permission for sick leave or access to medical care are very difficult. The death of two workers was alleged to be directly linked to the denial of sick leave and access to medical attention (Trouble discovered in Nike’s Indonesian factories 2010).In general you can say, that Nike’s poor OH&S performance equates with poor human resource management and poor legal and social responsibility. Nike needs to establish its organisational health and safety objectives in order for the management to demonstrate commitment and support. Nike needs to be aware of the benefits of a safe work environment such as the improvement of personal safety, the reduction of uninsured losses as well as re-work (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 66).Since the key elements of workplace improvement are culture, systems and hardware you can say that Nike’s culture does not value the wellbeing of the entire staff, they do not seem to have a solid system underpinning OH&S as well as their hardware does not include OH&S considerations (Kolbe, Burkart & Zundel 2010, p. 67). 2. 4 Quality of Work Life Vice president of global human resource at Nike’s headquarters near Beaverton, David Ayre, stated in 2011, that growth is the biggest challenge for the company.The challenges for the management are continuously growing as rising global salaries dissipate the easy cost gains from offshore outsourcing (How Nike’s HR pros help the giant company stay competitive 2011). Considering that Nike’s highest concern is their profit, the management tends to forget about the employees and the quality of their workplace. The latest issue with Nike's labour practice that again occurred in factories in Vietnam, are a violation of overtime rules and an excess level of toxic fumes in the workplace.The quality of work life was rated poorly by questioned workers, claiming that there is no safe and healthy environment, no growth and security, no social integration and too little life space in general (Harte Arbeit, wenig Geld 2009). A questioned worker, Miss B. , 32 years old stated, that she is suffering from a constant head and stomach ache, since she is working in the gluing section of the factory. The glue smells, sticks to skin and clothes and pain killers are not even working anymore (Harte Arbeit, wenig Geld 2009).Nike is known for making its equipment in countries which are in the developing phase, having very cheap labour, authoritarian government, a lack of human rights appeal and union movement (How Nike’s HR pros help the giant company stay competitive 2011). It does not seem that Nike has introduced quality of work life programs which incorporate principles of job enrichment and sociotechnical enrichment in a comprehensive effort in order to improve the quality of the work environment. The company does not seek to integrate employee needs with higher productivity (Kolbe, Burkart ; Zundel 2010, p. 50).Instead spokesman like David Ayre make excuses in public to justify the poor quality of work life in Nike’s South East Asian factories. If quality circles would exist, work-related issues could be identified and solved, but this would require training, commitment, support and relevance to a range of organisational members (Kolbe, Burkart ; Zundel 2010, p. 51). Besides the toxic fumes, tables and chairs were not appropriate in order to sit on them for twelve hours and even longer, plus the entire work atmosphere was not rated as comfortable as stated in the paragraphs above (Case Study for Nike 2009). . 5 Managing Diversity Nowadays managing diversity is highly important in any company. Unfortunately Nike also experienced problems in this field. 2001 female workers at factories in Indonesia reported incidents of sexual harassment and abuse. After the initial incident, when women reported that they were just allowed to go to the toilet with a supervisor watching, further investigations were undertaken. The outcome was that 30% of all respondents had personally experienced at least verbal abuse; nearly 8% of total workers reported unwanted sexual comments.At two factories, there were reports of ‘deeply disturbing’ incidents of sexual favours demanded in return for employment (Reaktion auf Ausbeutungs-Vorwuerfe 2001). Discrimination against women in companies is a great problem human resource management has to deal with. Discrimination can occur when unreasonable condition ore requirements are set, just as it happened with the female workers using the bathroom. Harassment is a particular form of discr imination, where the behaviour is designed to make a person feel unwelcome, offended, humiliated and intimidated.These entire factors apply to Nike’s supervisors and male managers who are involved in those accusations. Sexual harassment is considered physical, visual, verbal and non-verbal behaviour of a sexual nature that is uninvited and unwelcome (Kolbe, Burkart ; Zundel 2010, p. 103). All of the above has happened in Nike factories involving male supervisors and female workers, which should be a great concern for Nike. 3. Implication of Issues 3. 1 Employee CompensationOver the years Nike has become very skilled at showing its own side of the story, when it comes to accusations regarding their employee compensation and overall labour practices. A direct implementation of the discovered low wages in Indonesia in 2008 and additionally employees expressing their inability to live of their current salary, Nike published a section called ‘Transparency 101’ on thei r website www. nike. com, with all details of their remediation plan, as well as a link to the full report at the Global Alliance site.The Global Alliance is a union of companies and public groups, which includes Nike, The Gap, and The World Bank amongst their members (Menschenrechte in Asien 2009). The Centre for societal Development Studies at the Atma Jaya Catholic University in Jakarta carefully produced and conducted the report on behalf of the Global Alliance. Researchers conducted one-on-one interviews, surveys and focus groups that involved more than 4,450 workers in nine factories in order to show an effort to solve the problems considered child labour and unsatisfying wages (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 8). Another outcome of this discovery was raising public awareness of Nike’s methods and damaging their image in the long run. Human rights organisations raised their voices for the employees in Indonesia and Vietnam that could not do so themselves and made the issue spread world-wide on public media in order to put Nike under pressure to make a change (Menschenrechte in Asien 2009). Also in order to show an effort Nike fired several managers in affected factories.The employees itself remained silent, means there were no strikes or a high number of resignations to be found. Further independent audits have been commissioned to ensure that all factories are paying the new minimum wage and that workers understand the wage and overtime calculations (Werner-Lobo 2008, p. 98). 3. 2 Employee Motivation Considering the issue Nike has with motivating their employees in the right way, which means not with rules that touch their human rights or inacceptable punishment, there are several implications to be found.Nike’s answer to their dissatisfied and unmotivated workers is a new system of training they introduced. In eight factories in Vietnam and eight factories in Southern China since 2008, Nike offers workshops in order to strengthen contract manufactur ers' HRM systems and support lean manufacturing implementation (Workers and Factories 2011). Before the actual workshops take place, in each factory employee satisfaction surveys were completed in order to understand the top issues workers are facing and also to measure mutual trust and respect in the factories.In every factory action plans were developed individually in order to address core HRM areas, including supervisory skills, employee turnover, incentive structures, and employee satisfaction (Workers and Factories 2011). Another outcome from employees raising their voices and speaking up about the inhuman rules and treatments in their factories, is greater supervision of Nike from the government and human rights organisations, to make sure, Nike is on the right path (Fair Labor at Nike 2012).Other than that, Nike had to face a lot of complaints from retailers, since a large amount of manufactured jerseys were poorly stitched and had manufacturing mistakes, since employees did not put a lot of effort in their work anymore and started to glue, stich and sew inaccurately. This cost the concern a lot of money which they rather should have invested in training or the recruiting process in order to employ managers and supervisors with better human resource management skills and behaviour (Nike sorgt sich um den Heimatmarkt 2008). 3. 3 Occupational Health and SafetyAfter the death of two workers and the entire workforce in South China showing their dissatisfaction with Nike’s care for their employee’s health and safety, Nike again, responded very quickly after the incidents occurred. The company promised to upgrade their sanitation and to implement food service standards in all factories in order to ensure a healthy and hygienic environment (Trouble discovered in Nike’s Indonesian factories 2010). Also supervisors in affected factories were replaced and a special officer just dealing with occupational health and safety issues was introduce d.The two deaths were further investigated and Nike didn’t get pressed with legal charges since a direct link could not be made out 100% (Trouble discovered in Nike’s Indonesian factories 2010). Furthermore Nike changed its policies when it comes to sick leave and allows their employees to leave their work place, go home and see a doctor after talking to the OH&S officer and getting his approval, which is an improvement considering no leave at all was permitted (Trouble discovered in Nike’s Indonesian factories 2010). . 4 Quality of Work Life Since Nike has a lot of human resource management issues to deal with, they became professional over time how to deal with them. So the first outcome of the issue, that in factories in South East Asia working quality is very poor and on the lower edge, Nike has constructed an elaborate program to deal with labour issues in the 900-odd supplier factories (none owned by Nike) that churn out its products in some 50 countries ( Nike 2010). By developing several initiatives, Nike landed at the No. spot in 2012 on Fortune magazine’s â€Å"Most Admired Companies for HR† list, which is an HR-specific recalibration of Fortune’s â€Å"Most Admired Companies† list (Case Study for Nike 2009). Because of the poor working environment and work life in general the turnover rate in factories in China was dramatically higher than in factories of competitors and a significant number of workers would not show up in the morning without excuses, which created a major problem for Nike since production slowed down (Nike sorgt sich um den Heimatmarkt 2008).Also in the specific case of Miss B, she received a bonus of five dollars monthly and protective clothing, but she will suffer from lifelong breathing difficulties, skin irritation and sterility (Harte Arbeit, wenig Geld 2009). 3. 5 Managing Diversity The immediate implication of Nike’s issue of harassment when it comes to managing diversit y and having few women under just male supervision, Nike implemented an harassment training for managers and workers using local resource people, and initiated a grievance system for workers to bring forth issues without fear of retribution.The women who were sexually harassed were helped by providing psychotherapy (Reaktion auf Ausbeutungs-Vorwuerfe 2001). Other than that, cameras were installed at bathroom entrances to monitor people going in and coming out, trying to give employees a feeling of security. No legal charges were pressed against supervisors or Nike itself (again), although an employer can be held vicariously liable for the discriminatory acts of his employees against others. Nike also created an employee council, workers can speak to anonymously when problems occur so a solution can be found together (Reaktion auf Ausbeutungs-Vorwuerfe 2001). 4.Recommendations 4. 1 Employee Compensation Considering that Nike does not have a real compensation system in their productio n factories in South East Asia as stated earlier on, my first recommendation for the human resource manager would be to implement a human resource information system in order to collect and store data about the employee’s productivity and therefore what type of compensation and especially salary they deserve individually. Since Nike employs a large number of workers the implementation of payroll is necessary, since it is an accounting system that is capable of processing a large number of transactions.It is relatively easy to collect the data of how much time a worker spend at the actual work place, how many items he produced and how accurate his outcomes are with a scanner or by taking samples. Storing all this data for each employee is manually almost impossible, therefore is the use of a HRIMS beneficial because it increases the communication on all levels and includes data on employees, jobs and work condition as well as position, leave and the management in order to also make sure that child labour can be outruled. Another recommendation for Nike would be the consideration of the general change and how to manage it. 0 years ago, Nike might already let their employees work under the same or worse condition as they do today, but back then the general interest in this subject was relatively small and countries in South East Asia were not as highly developed as Western countries or as they are today. In order for an organisation to succeed they must respond to the pace of change, that means the human resource manager especially need to take the role of an change agent and needs to be aware of external factors and how the companies culture needs to adapt.The change in government regulations, which today are more concerned about child labour and correct payment and treatment of employees, is a force Nike can’t walk away from, but has to adapt to and change its mentality and treatment of employees. Basically the corporate culture, which means the v alues, beliefs, assumptions and symbols that define the way in which Nike conducts its business need to be renewed in order to meet human rights standards. 4. 2 Employee MotivationIn order to avoid dissatisfied and unmotivated employees as well as poorly skilled supervisors and managers the usage of human resource information system in the future would be a great help. With HRIMS the company will experience enhanced communication across all levels of the organisation, which gives the employees in a factory in Vietnam the chance to communicate their feelings as well as reporting incidents that occurred with their supervisors directly to the headquarters in Oregon. With HRIMS next to individual data and previous experience you can store and manage the ondition of service of every employee and supervisor. Working hours can be recorded with a digital scanning card as well as break times in order to make sure, an employee gets enough breaks. The fact, that HRIMS provides transparency, wh ich means informs those who are monitored, will be helpful in letting supervisors know immediately, when they are acting wrong. Also the surveys Nike conducts before providing training, can easily be made, stored and evaluated with a HRIMS. Other than that the development of performance management systems can be a great help in order to solve Nike’s problem of employee’s motivation.The company has to be aware, that over time many factors, internal and external, will change and they have to adapt to this. Perhaps 30 years ago, employees accepted such behaviour of their supervisors, but not today anymore, since the country itself developed over the years as well as its people’s self-confidence. Nike needs to understand how important human resource management in general is in today’s work life and managers need to promote trust among their workforce. They need to ensure that human resource policies and practices are fair and equitable since the employee†™s voice is critical to performance improvement and innovation. . 3 Occupational Health and Safety Considering Nike’s issues with their health and safety policies I would recommend them to implement this section in their HRIMS. The newly introduced officer for occupational health and safety can create a policy catalogue via HRIMS all employees and supervisors as well as managers have access to. It can keep a record of what illnesses a worker had or what medicine he is required to take on a daily bases so Nike can make sure to provide those needed, since HRIMS increases flexibility by adapting to present and future requirements.The costs these implementations bring along would definitely be outweighed by the benefits Nike will gain from them. Other than that Nike has to adapt to the incremental change which involves gradual modifications to existing activities. This means that the change is evolutionary and Nike has to adapt to a certain health and safety standard that is re quired today and got developed over the years. The organisation initially needs to be unfreezed, which means it needs to be prepared for the change with the implementation of new OH&S rules in the HRMIS, the exchange of existing supervisors or an intense training for the existing ones.This is followed by taking action so that the change actually occurs. They need to practice and follow those rules so employees feel and see a difference. In the end this state needs to be refreezed by continuously reinforcing the desired outcomes, which are employees who trust the company and feel safe and taken care of. 4. 4 Quality of Work Life Considering a general improvement in the work life of every employee, the management has to make sure, that there is autonomy, the degree to which the job provides freedom, independence and discretion to the individual as a safe and healthy environment amongst others.Human capabilities need to be developed and a social integration needs to take place. Using t he HRMIS for this purpose it again can be very beneficial since the system can easily create routine reports, exception reports, on-demand reports and forecasts which all will work together as a whole in order to help the management in improving the work environment and an employee’s satisfaction by increasing the work life quality. It is a strategic and competitive tool which has to be customized for Nike and contain data of an employee’s satisfaction level, of legal advice and regulations, feedback and survey outcomes.Other than that again, change has to be taken into consideration, since the workforce has changed its character and is dominated by change, as well as the needs employees crave nowadays for and what work environment is acceptable to do the required work. Globalisation, technological change and changes in government regulations are external forces Nike has to deal with. Since a high quality of work life should be a great priority for Nike they need to ad apt to the transformational change, since it produces revolutionary shifts in Nike’s strategies, culture and structure.A general problem Nike has is that they still manufacture their products in low-cost countries with very low standards for their workers. As an American corporation they should not downgrade the standards that would exist in a factory in the US to the countries general standards, but change the way of thinking. Their business strategy is, to produce at factories not owned by Nike itself, at the cheapest price possible in order to increase the profit. Maybe it is time for a change and taking a worker’s life and soul more into consideration than just thinking about the revenue. 4. 5 Managing DiversityWhen it comes to Nike’s problem of managing diversity and discriminating minor groups such as women, HRIMS can also be helpful and beneficial. Since it is enhancing communication across all levels, problems can be communicated faster and actions can b e taken. The cameras can be linked to the HRIMS in order for the footage to be accessible easily and not just within the factory itself. Workers can use HRIMS to report incidents anonymously so solutions can be found. Nike also needs to take its strategic human resource objectives into account, since they affect all aspects of the workplace relations.Nike’s workforce should experience open communication, procedural justice and organisational support when problems occur. The corporate cultures, which means the values, beliefs, assumptions and symbols that define the way in which Nike conduct its business, needs to focus more on fighting discriminatory behaviour and how to fully integrate minorities. With training they need to raise awareness of what has happened and through communication, participation, counselling and certainty the issues need to be solved so they do not repeat themselves. 5.Conclusion After learning about the variety of human resource management issues that can occur in a company and actually did happen at Nike Inc. , you can see that managing your employees is a sensitive field, where mistakes easily occur if you do not pay enough attention to your employee’s wants and needs. Today it is really important for every company to have a human resource management department, with a human resource manager who in first place and most importantly has the role of the employee champion as well as the one of a change agent.Nike showed an effort by reaching out to their workforce immediately after every incident occurred and tried to improve where mistakes were found. Further improvements can also be made by implementing a HRMIS and considering the power of change. The winning companies of the future will be those most adapt at leveraging global talent to transform themselves, their industries, and creating better jobs for everyone. 6. References About Nike Inc, 2012, Nike Inc. , viewed 20 November 2012, . Case Study for Nike 2009, viewed 2 0 November 2012, . Fair Labor at Nike 2012, viewed 15 November 2012, . Harte Arbeit, wenig Geld 2009, Stiftung Warentest, viewed 17 November 2012, . How Nike’s HR pros help the giant company stay competitive 2011, HR Communication, viewed 20 November 2012, .Kolbe, M , Burkart, B & Zundel, F 2010, Personalmanagement: Grundlagen und Praxis des Human Resources Managements, 2nd edn, Gabler, Deutschland. Menschenrechte in Asien 2009, Forum, viewed 18 November 2012, . Nike 2010, viewed 18 November 2012, . Nike sorgt sich um den Heimatmarkt 2008, Financial Times Deutschland, viewed 15 November 2012, .